what is parvo in dogs

Understanding Parvo in Dogs: Symptoms and Treatment

Parvo, short for canine parvovirus (CPV), is a highly contagious viral infection that affects dogs of all ages. Although it is most often associated with puppies, adult dogs can also contract this virus. Parvo causes inflammation of the intestines, causing severe diarrhea and vomiting. In rare cases, it can cause myocarditis, which can lead to heart failure.

Fortunately, with prompt and effective treatment, many dogs recover from parvo. According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, 68% to 92% of infected dogs make a full recovery with proper care.

Here's what you need to know about how dogs catch parvo, its symptoms, possible treatments, and how to protect your dog from the disease.

What causes parvo in dogs?

Dogs can become infected with parvo through infected feces or direct contact with other infected dogs. Indirect transmission occurs when dogs come into contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as food and water bowls, leashes, or kennels. The virus can survive on surfaces for up to a year and in stool for about three weeks.

Who is most at risk for parvo?

Puppies and unvaccinated dogs are most susceptible to parvo. Dogs with weakened immune systems or certain breeds such as American Pit Bull Terriers, Rottweilers and Doberman Pinschers are also at greater risk.

Parvo Transmission and Infectious Period

Infected dogs may begin spreading the virus two weeks before showing any symptoms and may remain infectious for up to two weeks after recovery. If you suspect parvo, isolating your dog is important to prevent further spread.

Life Expectancy and Prognosis for Dogs with Parvo

Without treatment, parvo can be fatal within 48 to 72 hours. However, with timely and proper care, most dogs recover within a week and live healthy lives. Early intervention greatly improves the prognosis.

Recognizing Parvo Symptoms

Dogs with parvo may appear asymptomatic initially, but stress or other infections can trigger symptoms such as lethargy, reduced appetite, vomiting, severe diarrhea, and dehydration. If your dog shows these symptoms, seek veterinary care immediately.

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Is parvo treatment covered by pet insurance?

Most pet insurance plans cover the cost of diagnosing and treating parvo, unless it is a pre-existing condition. Check your policy for specifics of coverage and benefits.

Stages of Parvo in Dogs

Parvo progresses through three stages:

1. Exposure and Ingestion: The dog comes in contact with the virus and ingests it.

   

2. Incubation: The virus attacks the dog's immune system and intestinal lining in three to seven days.

   

3. Symptoms: The dog experiences nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea, and dehydration.

Diagnosis of Parvo in Dogs

Veterinarians commonly use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect parvovirus in dog stool.

Cost of Treatment of Parvo in Dogs

The cost of treating parvo varies depending on location, severity, and care required. Hospitalization, medications, and supportive care can range in cost from a few hundred dollars to several thousand.

Prevention of Parvo in Dogs

Protecting your dog from parvo involves three major steps:

1. Vaccinations: 

Keep your dog's vaccinations up to date. Puppies get their first dose at around 8 weeks of age and continue to receive boosters until around 16 to 20 weeks of age. Dogs should get a booster every three years.

2. Cleaning and Disinfecting:

Use a solution of bleach and water (1:30) to clean contaminated areas and objects.

3. Avoid risky areas:

If your dog is not fully vaccinated, keep him away from public places like dog parks.

Parvo in Senior Dogs

While puppies are commonly affected by parvo, senior dogs with weakened immune systems are also susceptible. Fully vaccinated, healthy senior dogs are at lower risk.

Can parvo affect cats or humans?

Canine parvovirus is specific to dogs and does not affect humans or cats.

conclusion

Parvo is a serious, potentially life-threatening disease for dogs. If you suspect that your dog has been infected with parvo, seek veterinary attention immediately. By taking preventive measures, such as vaccinations and avoiding risky areas, you can protect your dog from this dangerous virus.